英文翻译,在线等待,完成后再加积分2

英文翻译,在线等待,完成后再加积分2
• Common Object Request Broker Architecture
Middleware
• In a distributed computing system, middleware is defined as the software layer that lies between the operating system and the applications on each site of the system. It serves to "glue together" or mediate between separate components.
• Objectives
– Hiding distribution
– Hiding the heterogeneity
– Providing uniform, standard, high-level interfaces
– Supplying a set of common services
• Examples
– Transaction processing monitors
– Data converters
– Communication controllers
CORBA – A bit of history
• OMG Standard, “to allow applications to communicate with one another no matter where they are located or who has designed them”
– 1991, CORBA 1.1, IDL & API within an ORB
– 1994, CORBA interoperability & IIOP (Internet Inter-ORB Protocol)
– 2002, CORBA Component Model
CORBA – Objectives
• Distributed object computing middleware that shields applications from heterogeneous platform dependencies.
• To simplify development of distributed applications by automating/encapsulating
– Object location
– Connection & memory mgmt.
– Parameter (de)marshaling
– Event & request demultiplexing
– Error handling & fault tolerance
– Object/server activation
– Concurrency
– Security
–
• CORBA defines interfaces, not implementations
• Design Challenges
– Performance
– Scalability
– Complexity of administration
– Mobility and dynamic reconfiguration
– Global information network to manage large applications that are heterogeneous, widely distributed and in permanent evolution
CORBA Application Structure
• Object Request Broker: enables objects to transparently make and receive requests and responses in a distributed environment.
– The core of the reference model, “telephone exchange”
• Object Services: a collection of services (interfaces and objects) that support basic functions for using and implementing objects.
– e.g. Naming, Trading, and Life Cycle Service
• Common Facilities: a collection of services that many applications may share, but which are not as fundamental as the Object Services
– e.g. e-mail facility
• Application Objects: products of a single vendor on in-house development group that controls their interfaces.
CORBA Interoperability
• Motivation
– ORB implementation diversity
– ORB boundaries:
• Partition the environment into different ORBs
• Simplified test, management, and maintenance
• Decentralized control
• e.g. internet ORB, company ORB
– ORB vary in scope, distance and lifetime
• e.g. archives ORB, game ORB
• Elements
– Inter-ORB Bridge: transactions between ORB domains

•公共对象请求代理结构
中间件
•在一个分布式计算系统,中间件,是指软件层谎言之间的作业系统和应用在每个站点上该系统.它以“粘合起来”或调解之间的单独组件.
•目标
-藏匿分布
-隐藏的异质性
-提供统一,标准,高层次的接口
-提供了一套共同的服务
•例子
-交易处理监视器
-数据转换器
-通讯控制器
CORBA的-有点历史
• omg标准“ ,允许申请互相沟通无论身在何处,它们位于或谁设计了他们”
-1 991年,C ORBA的1 .1,I DL的＆空气污染指数在一个O RB的
-1 994年,C ORBA的互操作性＆ i iop（互联网跨O RB的议定书）
-2 002年,C ORBA构件模型
CORBA的-目标
•分布式对象计算的中间件,盾牌,申请从异构平台的相依性.
•简化的发展,分布式应用自动化/封装
-目标定位
-连接＆ M GMT的记忆.
-参数（德）编组
-事件＆要求分路
-错误处理及容错
-对象/服务器激活
-并发
-安全
-
• CORBA的定义接口,而不是实现
•设计挑战
-性能
-可伸缩性
-复杂性,政府当局
-流动性和动态重构
-全球信息网络管理大型应用程序都是异构的,广为散发,并在永久的演变
CORBA应用结构
•对象请求代理：使物体透明的提出和接受请求和响应,在分布式环境.
-核心的参考模型,“电话交换”
•服务对象：收集服务（接口和对象）支持的基本功能,使用和实施对象.
-例如：命名,贸易,和生命周期服务
•公用设施：收集服务,许多申请者可分享,但属于不作为的根本,作为服务对象
-例如：电子邮件设施
•应用程序对象：产品的单一供应商就在公司内部发展集团控制其接口.
CORBA的互操作性
•动机
-O RB的实施多样性
-O RB的界限：
•分区环境分成不同的orbs
•简化测试,管理和维修
•分散控制
•例如：互联网ORB的,公司中ORB
-O RB的不同,在范围,距离与寿命
•例如：档案中ORB ,ORB的游戏
•要素
-跨O RB的桥：之间的交易O RB的域
对了加分,楼主.
可是专业翻译的哦