关于英语的定语从句,请祥解

关于英语的定语从句,请祥解

五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整 译法上翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上A．做宾语时可省略 B.可用that C．可用who代替whom A．不可省 B.不用that C.不用who代替whom 限制性定语从句举例： (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. (2) China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学.（他还有其他的哥哥） (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学.（他只有一个哥哥） 难点分析 （一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? （二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处.具体情况是： 1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子. (1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子. (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子. （三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略. (1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 (1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t ) (五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1．定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句 2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以 (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语 (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.