作业帮谁能告诉饿什么是英语滴现在完成时
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：拍题作业网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/06/02 23:06:19
谁能告诉饿什么是英语滴现在完成时
英语现在完成时的语法知识和使用规则及例句～
英语现在完成时的语法知识和使用规则及例句～
现在完成时态的用法和相应的陈述句,一般疑问句及简略答语.
（1）现在完成时态的构成：现在完成时是由助动词have/has+过去分词构成的.规则动词的过去
分词形式与一般过去时形式相同.不规则动词的一般过去时形式和过去分词的形式则各不相同.如：
规则动词的变化
a.一般情况下在动词后加ed, 例如：work----worked play----played
b.以e结尾的动词,直接加d, 例如：use----used refuse----refused
c.以辅音字母y结尾的动词,变y为i,加ed, 例如：study----studied hurry----hurried
d.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加ed, 例如：stop----stopped drop----dropped
＊不规则动词见书后不规则动词变化表
(2)现在完成时态的用法及相应的陈述句,一般疑问句及简略答语.
现在完成时: 表示动作完成在过去,强调对现在造成的影响或结果.例如：
陈述句：We have just seen the TV play.
She has already copied the new words.
He has just found his library book.
一般疑问句及简略答语：
Have you got a pencil sharpener? Yes,I have. No,I haven` t.
Has she travelled on a plane? Yes,she has. No,never.
Have they ever been abroad? Yes,they have. No,not even once.
现在完成时（二）
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.
（1）常与already,just和yet等连用.例如：
I've already read the story. 我已经读过这个故事.
She has just come back. 她刚刚回来.
We haven` t returned this book yet. 我们还没有还这本书呢.
(2)也可以和ever（曾经）和never（从来没有）连用.例如：
Have you ever seen this film? 你曾经看过这部电影吗?
I have never heard of it. 我从来没听说过这件事.
(3) 表示曾去过某处have / has been
的用法以及它们在疑问句、否定句中与ever、never连用.例如：
We have been to Qingdao . 我们去过青岛.
She has been to Sanya. 她去过三亚.
Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗?
Has your father been to the Summer Palace? 你爸爸去过颐和园吗?
We have never been to the Beihai Park. 我们从来没有去过北海公园.
He has never been to Dalian. 他从来没有去过大连.
表示某人去某处（还没有回来）用have / has gone,例如：
Who has gone to Beijing? 谁去了北京?
His father has gone to Guangzhou. 他爸爸去了广州了.
Her mother has gone to Hawaii. 她妈妈去了夏威夷了.
现在完成时态（三）
（1）表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻开始,
一直延续到现在（包括"现在"在内）的（段）时间状语连用.共有以下几种情况：
与for + 表示一段时间的词组连用.例如：
I've been a teacher for twenty years. 我做教师已有二十年了.
She's worked in the factory for ten years. 她在这家工厂工作十年了.
与since + 表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用.例如：
They have been here since yesterday. 他们自从昨天起就一直在这儿.
She's been at this school since last September. 她自从去年九月起就在这所学校.
He's lived in London since three years ago. 自从三年前他就住在伦敦.
（2）非延续性动词与可延续性动词的转化
在现在完成时中,非延续性动词与可延续性动词的转化问题.非延续性动词与可延续性动词
都可用于现在完成时,但如上文所述,非延续性动词用在现在完成时时不能与表示一段时间的
时间状语连用.如果必须这样用,就需要把非延续性动词转化为可延续性动词.例如以下动词
在这种情况下需要如下转换：
不延续性动词 → 可延续性动词
come be here, be in
die be dead
borrow keep
join be a ...member
be in.
buy have
leave be away
在句子中的具体应用如下：
[例1]He has come. 他已经来了.
He has been here (in Beijing) for 2 months.
[例2]This old man has died. 这位老人已经逝世.
This old man has been dead for over one year. 这位老人已经逝世一年多了.
[例3]Li Lei has borrowed the book from the school library. 李雷已经从图书馆借了这本书.
Li Lei has kept the book from the school library for a week.
李雷从图书馆借这本书一周了.
[例4]His father has joined the Party. 他父亲已经入党了.
His father has been in the Party /a Party member for over 20 years.
他父亲已经入党二十多年了.
[例5]Kate has bought a bike. 凯特已经买了一辆自行车.
Kate has had the bike for two weeks. 凯特买了这辆自行车已经两周了.
[例6]The train has left. 火车已经离开了.
The train has been away for a long time. 火车离开很久了.
（3）现在完成时的句子有以下几种变化形式
[例1]他回来已经三天了.
He has been back for three days.
= He has been back since three days ago.
= It's three days since he came back.
= Three days has passed since he came back.
[例2]这位老人已经去逝六年多了.
The old man has been dead for six years.
= The old man has been dead since six years ago.
= It's six years since the old man died.
= Six years has passed since the old man died.
(3) 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较：
现在完成时态表示过去发生或某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.在学习中尤其要积累与现在完成时、一般过去时搭配的时间状语.
试比较：
He has gone to Shanghai. (强调结果)
He went to Shanghai last week. (强调动作)
We have already had our breakfast. (吃过了)
We had our breakfast at half past six.（吃早饭时间）
We have lived here for ten years.（与段时间相连）
We moved here ten years ago. (与点时间相连)
对比：The old man died six years ago.
这位老人六年前去逝的.
The old man has died.
这位老人已经去逝了.
现在完成时是初中英语教学中的一个重点,也是一个难点,在学习中应注意以下几点： 一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系.
如：
I have lost my pen.(强调我现在没有笔)
I lost my pen.(过去笔掉了,没说明现在是否有笔)
2.现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用(before,just等除外),但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语,如yesterday,last week,three days ago,just now等连用.
如：
A：Hello,Kate!Have you had supper?
B：Yes,I have.
A：When did you have it?
在此例中,应注意When是一个不确定的过去时间.
二、for和since的运用
for表“经历(一段时间)”,而since表“自从…… 以来”.常见结构：for＋一段时间；since＋一段时间＋ago;since＋一个时间点；since＋从句.
如：
1.He has stayed here for 3 hours.
2.He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.
3.He has stayed here since 3 o’clock.
4.He has taught English since he came here.
三、短暂性动词通常不能和表一段的时间状语连用,应用意义与其相近的延续性动词、be＋形容词/副词等来代替他们.如：borrow改为keep/have;die改为be dead;leave改为be away等,或将完成时改为一般过去时 .
如：
1.错：He has died for 3 years.
正：He has been dead for 3 years.
正：He died 3 years ago.
2.错：How long have you borrowed it?
正：How long have you kept it?
在例2中应注意how long是一个不确定的一段时间.但应注意,短暂性动词的否定式表示一个状态,它可以和表一段的时间状语连用.
如：
I haven’t seen you for 2 years.
四、have(has)been 与have(has)gone的区别have(has)been表“到过某地”；have(has)gone表“已去”.
如：
A：Where is Li Lei?
B：He has gone to the library
通过A的问话,说明Li Lei不在说话处,所以这儿应回答“他去了……”.
（1）现在完成时态的构成：现在完成时是由助动词have/has+过去分词构成的.规则动词的过去
分词形式与一般过去时形式相同.不规则动词的一般过去时形式和过去分词的形式则各不相同.如：
规则动词的变化
a.一般情况下在动词后加ed, 例如：work----worked play----played
b.以e结尾的动词,直接加d, 例如：use----used refuse----refused
c.以辅音字母y结尾的动词,变y为i,加ed, 例如：study----studied hurry----hurried
d.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加ed, 例如：stop----stopped drop----dropped
＊不规则动词见书后不规则动词变化表
(2)现在完成时态的用法及相应的陈述句,一般疑问句及简略答语.
现在完成时: 表示动作完成在过去,强调对现在造成的影响或结果.例如：
陈述句：We have just seen the TV play.
She has already copied the new words.
He has just found his library book.
一般疑问句及简略答语：
Have you got a pencil sharpener? Yes,I have. No,I haven` t.
Has she travelled on a plane? Yes,she has. No,never.
Have they ever been abroad? Yes,they have. No,not even once.
现在完成时（二）
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.
（1）常与already,just和yet等连用.例如：
I've already read the story. 我已经读过这个故事.
She has just come back. 她刚刚回来.
We haven` t returned this book yet. 我们还没有还这本书呢.
(2)也可以和ever（曾经）和never（从来没有）连用.例如：
Have you ever seen this film? 你曾经看过这部电影吗?
I have never heard of it. 我从来没听说过这件事.
(3) 表示曾去过某处have / has been
的用法以及它们在疑问句、否定句中与ever、never连用.例如：
We have been to Qingdao . 我们去过青岛.
She has been to Sanya. 她去过三亚.
Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗?
Has your father been to the Summer Palace? 你爸爸去过颐和园吗?
We have never been to the Beihai Park. 我们从来没有去过北海公园.
He has never been to Dalian. 他从来没有去过大连.
表示某人去某处（还没有回来）用have / has gone,例如：
Who has gone to Beijing? 谁去了北京?
His father has gone to Guangzhou. 他爸爸去了广州了.
Her mother has gone to Hawaii. 她妈妈去了夏威夷了.
现在完成时态（三）
（1）表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻开始,
一直延续到现在（包括"现在"在内）的（段）时间状语连用.共有以下几种情况：
与for + 表示一段时间的词组连用.例如：
I've been a teacher for twenty years. 我做教师已有二十年了.
She's worked in the factory for ten years. 她在这家工厂工作十年了.
与since + 表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用.例如：
They have been here since yesterday. 他们自从昨天起就一直在这儿.
She's been at this school since last September. 她自从去年九月起就在这所学校.
He's lived in London since three years ago. 自从三年前他就住在伦敦.
（2）非延续性动词与可延续性动词的转化
在现在完成时中,非延续性动词与可延续性动词的转化问题.非延续性动词与可延续性动词
都可用于现在完成时,但如上文所述,非延续性动词用在现在完成时时不能与表示一段时间的
时间状语连用.如果必须这样用,就需要把非延续性动词转化为可延续性动词.例如以下动词
在这种情况下需要如下转换：
不延续性动词 → 可延续性动词
come be here, be in
die be dead
borrow keep
join be a ...member
be in.
buy have
leave be away
在句子中的具体应用如下：
[例1]He has come. 他已经来了.
He has been here (in Beijing) for 2 months.
[例2]This old man has died. 这位老人已经逝世.
This old man has been dead for over one year. 这位老人已经逝世一年多了.
[例3]Li Lei has borrowed the book from the school library. 李雷已经从图书馆借了这本书.
Li Lei has kept the book from the school library for a week.
李雷从图书馆借这本书一周了.
[例4]His father has joined the Party. 他父亲已经入党了.
His father has been in the Party /a Party member for over 20 years.
他父亲已经入党二十多年了.
[例5]Kate has bought a bike. 凯特已经买了一辆自行车.
Kate has had the bike for two weeks. 凯特买了这辆自行车已经两周了.
[例6]The train has left. 火车已经离开了.
The train has been away for a long time. 火车离开很久了.
（3）现在完成时的句子有以下几种变化形式
[例1]他回来已经三天了.
He has been back for three days.
= He has been back since three days ago.
= It's three days since he came back.
= Three days has passed since he came back.
[例2]这位老人已经去逝六年多了.
The old man has been dead for six years.
= The old man has been dead since six years ago.
= It's six years since the old man died.
= Six years has passed since the old man died.
(3) 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较：
现在完成时态表示过去发生或某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.在学习中尤其要积累与现在完成时、一般过去时搭配的时间状语.
试比较：
He has gone to Shanghai. (强调结果)
He went to Shanghai last week. (强调动作)
We have already had our breakfast. (吃过了)
We had our breakfast at half past six.（吃早饭时间）
We have lived here for ten years.（与段时间相连）
We moved here ten years ago. (与点时间相连)
对比：The old man died six years ago.
这位老人六年前去逝的.
The old man has died.
这位老人已经去逝了.
现在完成时是初中英语教学中的一个重点,也是一个难点,在学习中应注意以下几点： 一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系.
如：
I have lost my pen.(强调我现在没有笔)
I lost my pen.(过去笔掉了,没说明现在是否有笔)
2.现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用(before,just等除外),但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语,如yesterday,last week,three days ago,just now等连用.
如：
A：Hello,Kate!Have you had supper?
B：Yes,I have.
A：When did you have it?
在此例中,应注意When是一个不确定的过去时间.
二、for和since的运用
for表“经历(一段时间)”,而since表“自从…… 以来”.常见结构：for＋一段时间；since＋一段时间＋ago;since＋一个时间点；since＋从句.
如：
1.He has stayed here for 3 hours.
2.He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.
3.He has stayed here since 3 o’clock.
4.He has taught English since he came here.
三、短暂性动词通常不能和表一段的时间状语连用,应用意义与其相近的延续性动词、be＋形容词/副词等来代替他们.如：borrow改为keep/have;die改为be dead;leave改为be away等,或将完成时改为一般过去时 .
如：
1.错：He has died for 3 years.
正：He has been dead for 3 years.
正：He died 3 years ago.
2.错：How long have you borrowed it?
正：How long have you kept it?
在例2中应注意how long是一个不确定的一段时间.但应注意,短暂性动词的否定式表示一个状态,它可以和表一段的时间状语连用.
如：
I haven’t seen you for 2 years.
四、have(has)been 与have(has)gone的区别have(has)been表“到过某地”；have(has)gone表“已去”.
如：
A：Where is Li Lei?
B：He has gone to the library
通过A的问话,说明Li Lei不在说话处,所以这儿应回答“他去了……”.